Fateme Helali; Hamid Parsania
Abstract
The subject of social science, which is based on the revelation approach, is not confined to proponents of Islamic social science and has engaged scholars outside of Islamic culture and beyond Christian Europe. Among these thinkers is Eric Weglin - a German philosopher and historian - who has a revitalized ...
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The subject of social science, which is based on the revelation approach, is not confined to proponents of Islamic social science and has engaged scholars outside of Islamic culture and beyond Christian Europe. Among these thinkers is Eric Weglin - a German philosopher and historian - who has a revitalized approach to historiography and the revival of the social sciences. He takes a critical look at modernity and renewed truth and regards it as a disease of the present age. Therefore, utilizing a revelationist approach and religious experience in the field of knowledge considers the treatment of modern illness and a method of reviving traditional social sciences. Accordingly, the purpose of the present article is to examine the revival of the social sciences in the revelatory approach, or better interpreted by Eric Weglin. The present article, using a descriptive-analytical approach and following a documentary approach, seeks to answer the question of how to revive the social sciences from Voglin's perspective. The findings of the study suggest that Voglin, in contrast to his claim that the homeland of knowledge considers classical religion and philosophy, focused solely on classical philosophy and Plato's truth in social science reconstruction and on religious experience and Christian revelation only in planning. The basis of his theory has been used. On the other hand, it is speculative that his views and views are close to the Islamic view of revelation and that he is opposed to Islam in the way he reads revelation and religion.
Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
mohammadreza ghaeminik; hamid parsania
Abstract
Abu Nasr al-Farabi, as the founder of Islamic philosophy, emphasizing on Islamic teachings, attempted to re-read and revolutionize Greek sciences. Farabi's civil science, keeping harmony with the Islamic culture, is a result of this scientific endeavor. This article tries to explain this attempt ...
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Abu Nasr al-Farabi, as the founder of Islamic philosophy, emphasizing on Islamic teachings, attempted to re-read and revolutionize Greek sciences. Farabi's civil science, keeping harmony with the Islamic culture, is a result of this scientific endeavor. This article tries to explain this attempt using a fundamental methodology. Fundamental methodology explains how scientific theories articulated considering three theoretical dimensions including logical-epistemological, existential-social, and the impact of fundamental cultural interactions on the formation of a theory. In the third dimension, when a culture encounters with another one actively, the elements of the second culture are re-read on the base of fundamental elements of the first one. In the process of revision and reviewing, some elements of the second culture can be accepted and some others will be rejected. As a result, we witness a case of reconciliation of indigenous and exogenous cultures. Based on Farabi's civil science, fundamental elements of Islamic culture, formed by Rasoul (Prophet) and Greek political philosophy can be interpreted by means of a connection to active intellect (aqle fa`al).
nouroallah nourani; hamid parsaniya
Abstract
After the Renaissance and the growth of empirical sciences in Europe, fundamental divisions emerged between the empirical sciences (empirical methods) and the church claims, which resulted in the European community voting for a conflict between science and religion. Given the dissemination of empirical ...
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After the Renaissance and the growth of empirical sciences in Europe, fundamental divisions emerged between the empirical sciences (empirical methods) and the church claims, which resulted in the European community voting for a conflict between science and religion. Given the dissemination of empirical sciences and their achievements in Islamic societies, this challenge has deepened and has involved thinkers and experts of this field. Shahid Morteza Motahari and Abdolkarim Soroush, as two prominent epistemologists in Iran, adopted contradictory positions regarding the conceptual aspects of religious science, which affected the subsequent intellectual currents. This study, based on three main questions, has comparatively analyzed the positions of these two thinkers on the nature of science, the method of science and possibility/impossibility of founding a religious science. As a result, since Soroush believes empirical science has an autonomous domain compared to other types of knowledge and its empirical method is based on the falsification logic, there is no possibility of establishing a religious science. On the contrary, according to Shahid Motahari, empirical science, as one type of knowledge, has a longitudinal relationship with other forms of knowledge. In his view, the method of science is empirical, and using logic of analogy and, if used in this way, and satisfies the individual and social needs of the Islamic society, and if, ultimately, targeted by Islam, can be considered as religious science and has religious authority.
Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
hamid parsania; moslem taheri
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of human perception in the formation of human societies and their evolution in Farabi's civil science; In other words, the aim of this study was to evaluate Farabi approach to human communities of the origin of differences in levels of perception in a society.Methodology ...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of human perception in the formation of human societies and their evolution in Farabi's civil science; In other words, the aim of this study was to evaluate Farabi approach to human communities of the origin of differences in levels of perception in a society.Methodology In this study, using exploratory and descriptive-analytic approach and is tried the views of This Muslim thinker about the issue of research, clarify and review.Such research will be organized after the introduction on importance and necessity the issue and to such research, anthropological the principles of knowledge is presented from the perspective of Farabi, Then he discussed the topic of human communities is based. And the principles of cognitive and noncognitive involved in the emergence of these communities will be studied, And in the end discussed to the origin differences in human societies and their relation with the utopia that shows the difference between virtuous and non-virtuous communities.
hamid parsania; abdolhosein kalantari; mohamadreza rohani
Abstract
This paper is aimed to explore the relationship between the capacities of the Transcendent Philosophy and social consequences of the theory of Fetrat from the perspectives of Allameh Tabatabai and Motahhari. Islamic thinkers have consistently paid attention to the theory of Fetrat (innate disposition). ...
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This paper is aimed to explore the relationship between the capacities of the Transcendent Philosophy and social consequences of the theory of Fetrat from the perspectives of Allameh Tabatabai and Motahhari. Islamic thinkers have consistently paid attention to the theory of Fetrat (innate disposition). Among the Islamic thinker, the Transcendent Philosophy, by suggesting the idea of Quran-argument-mysticism has made an attempt to strengthen the theory of Fetrat. In particular, Allameh Tabatabai and Motahhari analyzed the mentioned theory, in terms of its both practical and theoretical consequence and the capacities of the Transcendent Philosophy. According to these Islamic thinkers, Fetrat is essentially one aspect of the Mohammadi Truth that the Almighty has vested in the human spirits to create divine conduct. According to Tabatabai and Motahhari, it is because of Fetrat that human beings are eagerly and lovingly inclined to absolute perfection. Human being, due to his/her conversation competency has achieved the highest rank of Fetrat, to the extent that based her/his Fetrat is able to reach the degree of being unified with the Mohammadi Truth. On the other hand, Fetrat has a crucial role in the human being’s mind and practice, since every human and social action is oriented towards eagerness to reach perfections and achievements.
Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
Hosseindad Bayani
Abstract
The methodology and strategies of research in social sciences are of great importance and momentum. Although very little attention has been paid, in the early scientific literature, to logic and methodology about generating knowledge, certain early Muslim scholars such as Farabi and Ibn-e Khaldun have ...
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The methodology and strategies of research in social sciences are of great importance and momentum. Although very little attention has been paid, in the early scientific literature, to logic and methodology about generating knowledge, certain early Muslim scholars such as Farabi and Ibn-e Khaldun have made valuable conscious efforts in methodology, research techniques and scientific standards that are characteristic of contemporary style. Especially Farabi's profound reflections and accurate observations of methodology have made him a pioneer of methodological issues. Delving into Farabi's works such as Kitab Ihsa' al-'Ulum, 'Ilm-e Madani , Al-Madina al-Fadila and some other works that deal with methodology, this study seeks to extract, classify and explain the rules and principles of methodology developed and used by the author. Thus attempts have been made to elaborate on the methods used by Farabi to collect and analyze data and critically assess others' viewpoints. Before that, this study discusses assumptions about the nature of social reality, called ontological assumptions, and also a number of assumptions relating to the method through which knowledge can be obtained about this reality i.e. epistemological and anthropological assumptions that precede methodology.
Rereading and interpreting the ideas of leading Muslim thinkers
Mohammad Hosein Badamchi; Hamid Parsania
Abstract
The principal problem in studying Farabi’s political philosophy is working out the dilemma of his thought, which has adopted three sources: Greek political philosophy, Iranshahri (Persian Polis) pre-Islamic political thoughts, and Islamic courses; who doesn’t accommodate properly in orientalist’s ...
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The principal problem in studying Farabi’s political philosophy is working out the dilemma of his thought, which has adopted three sources: Greek political philosophy, Iranshahri (Persian Polis) pre-Islamic political thoughts, and Islamic courses; who doesn’t accommodate properly in orientalist’s trinary category: Greek Political Philosophy/ Fighi Shari’at-Name/ Iranian Siasat-Name. This article dividing the overall framework of presented readings of Farabi (offers by multiple Western or Iranian orientalists) into three main positions: Describing Status (source discovering questions)/ Interpretation Status (identity discovering questions)/ Inference Status (Civilization questions); assuming the great importance of the second status, claims the principal issue in interpretation and identity discovering of Farabi’s Thought is the question of “the way of gathering Reason-Revelation or Islam-Greek philosophy together” and Farabi’s special answer to it. Therefore, criticizing some typologies presented to categorize the multiple interpretations, the authors hold the fourfold category (non-Muslim philosopher/ non-philosopher theologian, non-Muslim Nationalist/ founder of Islamic Philosophy) in which three former ones have established on philosophical refusal of making Rationality compatible with Religion, and the latter last one stands on possibility of making philosophy compatible with Islam. Ultimately evaluating Seyed Javad Tabatabaee’s treatises with this framework, reveals that we meet more than one Farabi in his works. By and large Tabatabaee, depending on the content and context of the debates, has introduced one of the first three Farabi types, evolving three contradictory inferences about Farabi’s intellectual role in Islamic civilization: (leading to) temporary appearance of Islamic Humanistic Age/ gradually deterioration of political thought in Iran/ resistance and preserving Iran-state against Ideological pan-Arabism). Three contradictory interpretations and inferences which eventually degrades the academic credit of Tabatabaee’s works and leads to diverging the unity of his reading of Farabi.
Abstract
Fundamental methodology is a way in which the theory is generated. Given this, Sayyid Qutb’s social knowledge is inspired by Externalism and Ash'ari theology. Furthermore, the necessity of reference to the first generation of Muslims’ Ideas, in a Jihad frame, links his thought ...
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Fundamental methodology is a way in which the theory is generated. Given this, Sayyid Qutb’s social knowledge is inspired by Externalism and Ash'ari theology. Furthermore, the necessity of reference to the first generation of Muslims’ Ideas, in a Jihad frame, links his thought to Salafi stream. This paper, employing a documentary research method and following critical approach in description and interpretation levels, retrieves the fundamental methodology of social knowledge adopted by Sayyid Qutb in four realms: 1)the realm of “Idea”('Aghide) in which there is a kind of epistemological mutuality between social structure and people’s Ideas('Aghayed); 2)the realm of “Jihad” in which the theory of social change is pointed out; 3)the realm of “Islamic civilization” in which “the typology of society” is articulated; and 4)the realm of science and culture which from Sayyid Qutb’s opinion, this are has an inherent plurality. In addition, the fundamental methodology used by Sayyid Qutb encompasses a sort of critical approach toward social condition and intellectual schools so that one could be able to articulate this approach with four parameters: “Islamic values and Islamic society”, “elites and social change”, “value and action”(praxis), and “realism”. The prevalence of various social schools, especially the issue of West colonialism as one of the most important non-epistemic grounds based on Sayyid Qutb’s social knowledge, has raised the concern of revival of Islamic civilization for him. The influence of social thought of Sayyid Qutb in the current era has been affecting some Jihad-oriented deeds (Salafi) in the Middle East and, some social events in countries such as Egypt and Syria. The above mentioned observations make a critical review of Sayyid Qutb’s social theory a necessity.
Hamid Parsania; Mohammadreza Ghaeminik
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2011, , Pages 47-71
Abstract
آراء ابن خلدون در کتاب مقدمه، بالاخص در تشریح علم عمران، با دانشهایى نظیر فلسفه، کلام، فقه، تاریخ و نظایر آن، پیوند دارد؛ این پیوند، زمینهساز تفاسیر متعدد از آن شده ...
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آراء ابن خلدون در کتاب مقدمه، بالاخص در تشریح علم عمران، با دانشهایى نظیر فلسفه، کلام، فقه، تاریخ و نظایر آن، پیوند دارد؛ این پیوند، زمینهساز تفاسیر متعدد از آن شده است. این مقاله میکوشد به نقد برخى پیشفرضها و مبانى محسن مهدى در کتاب «فلسفۀ تاریخ ابنخلدون» بپردازد. «نظریۀ نبوت»، «ماهیت جامعۀ اسلامى»، «منشاء علوم جامعه»، «نظریۀ کلامى»، «تمایز منطق مدینه و عمران» و «عمران و دولت»، از دیدگاه مهدى، شش موضعى هستند که در این مقاله مورد نقد و بررسى قرار گرفتهاند. مهدى با تأثیر از عقلانیت رایج در فلسفۀ اسلامى، بالاخص مبانى فلسفى ابنرشد و ارسطو به تحلیل مقدمه پرداخته است. از اینرو، نقد مواضع مهدى، بهنحوى نقد فرض حاکمیت این نوع از عقلانیت در تفسیر آراء ابنخلدون بوده و نتیجهگیرى نهایى، حاکى از این است که علم عمران و عقلانیت حاکم بر آراء ابنخلدون، بیش از آنکه به عقلانیت فلسفى مذکور نزدیک باشد، حاکى از نوعى عقلانیت رایج در علوم شرعى-اسلامى بوده است.
